Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through which means?

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms present in blood and other body fluids that can cause disease. The primary means of transmission for these pathogens is indeed through blood or body fluids, which can occur through needlestick injuries, cuts, or abrasions that come into contact with contaminated materials.

When considering the other options, airborne particles refer to pathogens spread through air, which is typical of respiratory pathogens, not bloodborne ones. Touching clean surfaces does not pose a risk for bloodborne pathogen transmission since these surfaces are not contaminated. Ingesting contaminated food is typically associated with foodborne pathogens rather than bloodborne ones.

Thus, recognizing that blood or body fluids are the main carriers of bloodborne pathogens is essential for understanding infection control protocols in an esthetician practice, helping to ensure the safety and health of both practitioners and clients.