What are bloodborne pathogens?

Bloodborne pathogens are specifically harmful microorganisms that can be transmitted through blood or other potentially infectious body fluids. This includes viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, which pose significant health risks to individuals through exposure, especially in environments like medical and esthetic practices where there is a potential for contact with blood. Understanding bloodborne pathogens is crucial for implementing proper safety and sanitization protocols, as well as for protecting both practitioners and clients from potential infections.

The other choices do not capture the defining characteristics of bloodborne pathogens. Innocuous viruses found in the body would not be considered harmful or a threat in the same context. Allergens found in the air and contaminants from external surfaces are unrelated to the transmission of infections through blood or bodily fluids. Therefore, the option highlighting harmful bacteria carried in blood or body fluids accurately describes bloodborne pathogens and underscores the importance of safety measures in practices where such exposure can occur.